IFB
Invitation for Bids
Acronyms & AbbreviationsDefinition
An Invitation for Bids (IFB) is a solicitation used in sealed bidding, where the government awards a contract to the lowest-priced responsive and responsible bidder. Unlike RFPs, IFBs do not evaluate technical approach or past performance — price is the sole determining factor.
Sealed bidding (FAR Part 14) is the government's preferred procurement method when requirements are clearly defined, two or more responsible bidders are expected, price is the primary selection criterion, and discussions with offerors are unnecessary.
IFBs are common for construction projects, commodity supplies, and standardized services where the deliverable is well-specified. Bids are opened publicly at a set time and place, and the lowest-priced bid that meets all requirements wins.
For contractors, IFBs require accurate cost estimation. There's no opportunity to negotiate or explain your approach — your price either wins or it doesn't.
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